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New submissions for Friday, 21 June 2024 (showing 3 of 3 entries )

[1] arXiv:2406.13806 [pdf, html, other]

Title: First detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering on germanium

S. Adamski, M. Ahn, P.S. Barbeau, V. Belov, I. Bernardi, C. Bock, A. Bolozdynya, R. Bouabid, J. Browning, B. Cabrera-Palmer, N. Cedarblade-Jones, J. Colón Rivera, E. Conley, V. da Silva, J. Daughhetee, J. Detwiler, K. Ding, M.R. Durand, Y. Efremenko, S.R. Elliott, A. Erlandson, L. Fabris, A. Galindo-Uribarri, M.P. Green, J. Hakenmüller, M.R. Heath, S. Hedges, H. Jeong, B.A. Johnson, T. Johnson, H. Jones, A. Khromov, A. Konovalov, E. Kozlova, A. Kumpan, O. Kyzylova, Y. Lee, G. Li, L. Li, J.M. Link, J. Liu, M. Luxnat, A. Major, K. Mann, D.M. Markoff, J. Mattingly, J. Moye, P.E. Mueller, J. Newby, N. Ogoi, J. O'Reilly, D.S. Parno, D. Pérez-Loureiro, D. Pershey, C.G. Prior, J. Queen, R. Rapp, H. Ray, O. Razuvaeva, D. Reyna, G.C. Rich, D. Rudik, J. Runge, D.J. Salvat, J. Sander, K. Scholberg, A. Shakirov, G. Simakov, W.M. Snow, V. Sosnovtsev, M. Stringer, T. Subedi, B. Suh, B. Sur, R. Tayloe, K. Tellez-Giron-Flores, Y.-T. Tsai, E.E. van Nieuwenhuizen, C.J. Virtue, G. Visser, K. Walkup, E.M. Ward, T. Wongjirad, Y. Yang, J. Yoo, C.-H. Yu, A. Zaalishvili

Comments: 7 pages, 5 figures

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

We report the first detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) on germanium, measured at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Ge-Mini detector of the COHERENT collaboration employs large-mass, low-noise, high-purity germanium spectrometers, enabling excellent energy resolution, and an analysis threshold of 1.5 keV electron-equivalent ionization energy. We observe a on-beam excess of 20.6$_{+7.1}^{-6.3}$ counts with a total exposure of 10.22 GWhkg and we reject the no-CEvNS hypothesis with 3.9 sigma significance. The result agrees with the predicted standard model of particle physics signal rate within 2 sigma.

[2] arXiv:2406.14121 [pdf, html, other]

Title: First Demonstration of a Combined Light and Charge Pixel Readout on the Anode Plane of a LArTPC

N. Anfimov, A. Branca, J. Bürgi, L. Calivers, C. Cuesta, R. Diurba, P. Dunne, D. A. Dwyer, J. J. Evans, A. C. Ezeribe, A. Gauch, I. Gil-Botella, S. Greenberg, D. Guffanti, A. Karcher, I. Kreslo, J. Kunzmann, N. Lane, S. Manthey Corchado, N. McConkey, A. Navrer-Agasson, S. Parsa, G. Ruiz Ferreira, B. Russell, A. Selyunin, S. Söldner-Rembold, A. M. Szelc, A. Tapper, F. Terranova, C. Tognina, G. V. Stenico, M. Weber, I. Xiotidis

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)

The novel SoLAr concept aims to extend sensitivities of liquid-argon neutrino detectors down to the MeV scale for next-generation detectors. SoLAr plans to accomplish this with a liquid-argon time projection chamber that employs an anode plane with dual charge and light readout, which enables precision matching of light and charge signals for data acquisition and reconstruction purposes. We present the results of a first demonstration of the SoLAr detector concept with a small-scale prototype detector integrating a pixel-based charge readout and silicon photomultipliers on a shared printed circuit board. We discuss the design of the prototype, and its operation and performance, highlighting the capability of such a detector design.

[3] arXiv:2406.14409 [pdf, html, other]

Title: Measurement of the polarizations of prompt and non-prompt J/$\psi$ and $\psi$(2S) mesons produced in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration

Comments: Submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures and tables can be found at this http URL (CMS Public Pages)

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

The polarizations of prompt and non-prompt J$/\psi$ and $\psi$(2S) mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, using data samples collected by the CMS experiment in 2017 and 2018, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 103.3 fb$^{-1}$. Based on the analysis of the dimuon decay angular distributions in the helicity frame, the polar anisotropy, $\lambda_\theta$, is measured as a function of the transverse momentum, $p_\mathrm{T}$, of the charmonium states, in the 25-120 and 20-100 GeV ranges for the J$/\psi$ and $\psi$(2S), respectively. The non-prompt polarizations agree with predictions based on the hypothesis that, for $p_\mathrm{T}$ $\gtrsim$ 25 GeV, the non-prompt J$/\psi$ and $\psi$(2S) are predominantly produced in two-body B meson decays. The prompt results clearly exclude strong transverse polarizations, even for $p_\mathrm{T}$ exceeding 30 times the J$/\psi$ mass, where $\lambda_\theta$ tends to an asymptotic value around 0.3. Taken together with previous measurements, by CMS and LHCb at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, the prompt polarizations show a significant variation with $p_\mathrm{T}$, at low $p_\mathrm{T}$.

Cross submissions for Friday, 21 June 2024 (showing 22 of 22 entries )

[4] arXiv:2406.12869 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, other]

Title: Graph Neural Network-Based Pipeline for Track Finding in the Velo at LHCb

Anthony Correia, Fotis Giasemis, Nabil Garroum, Vladimir Vava Gligorov, Bertrand Granado

Comments: CTD2023 Workshop

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)

Over the next decade, increases in instantaneous luminosity and detector granularity will amplify the amount of data that has to be analysed by high-energy physics experiments, whether in real time or offline, by an order of magnitude. The reconstruction of charged particle tracks, which has always been a crucial element of offline data processing pipelines, must increasingly be deployed from the very first stages of the real time processing to enable experiments to achieve their physics goals. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received a great deal of attention in the community because their computational complexity scales nearly linearly with the number of hits in the detector, unlike conventional algorithms which often scale quadratically or worse. This paper presents ETX4VELO, a GNN-based track-finding pipeline tailored for the Run 3 LHCb experiment's Vertex Locator, in the context of LHCb's fully GPU-based first-level trigger system, Allen. Currently implemented in Python, ETX4VELO offers the ability to reconstruct tracks with shared hits using a novel triplet-based method. When benchmarked against the traditional track-finding algorithm in Allen, this GNN-based approach not only matches but occasionally surpasses its physics performance. In particular, the fraction of fake tracks is reduced from over 2\% to below 1\% and the efficiency to reconstruct electrons is improved. While achieving comparable physics performance is a milestone, the immediate priority remains implementing ETX4VELO in Allen in order to determine and optimise its throughput, to meet the demands of this high-rate environment.

[5] arXiv:2406.12873 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, other]

Title: Evidence for polyimide redeposition and possible correlation with sparks in Gas Electron Multipliers working in CF$_4$ mixtures

Thiago B. Saramela, Tiago F. Silva, Marco Bregant, Marcelo G. Munhoz, Tien T. Quach, Richard Hague, Ian S. Gilmore, Clive J. Roberts, Gustavo F. Trindade

Comments: 19 pages and 10 figures

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)

Research on aging processes of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) is important to obtain insights on how to increase detector's longevity, stability and performance, as highlighted in the latest developments roadmap by the European Council of Future Accelerators (ECFA). In this work, through the analysis of the molecular content on the surface of a used GEM, we provide evidences for polyimide redeposition as a source of organic material contributing to the formation of insulating layers on the electrodes, which eventually lead to sparks and detector failure. Furthermore, we show that chromium, used to promote adhesion between copper and polyimide, in the device undergoes a diffusion process, effectively blurring the layered structure. We demonstrate the significance of surface-sensitive chemical analysis to investigate the aging process of gaseous detectors and our results reveal the necessity of standardization and more stringent study protocols.

[6] arXiv:2406.12874 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, html, other]

Title: The Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LZ Calibration Systems

J. Aalbers, D.S. Akerib, A.K. Al Musalhi, F. Alder, C.S. Amarasinghe, A. Ames, T.J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H.M. Araújo, J.E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, A. Baker, S. Balashov, J. Bang, E.E. Barillier, J.W. Bargemann, K. Beattie, T. Benson, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T.P. Biesiadzinski, H.J. Birch, E. Bishop, G.M. Blockinger, B. Boxer, C.A.J. Brew, P. Brás, S. Burdin, M. Buuck, M.C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Carter, A. Chawla, H. Chen, J.J. Cherwinka, Y.T. Chin, N.I. Chott, M.V. Converse, A. Cottle, G. Cox, D. Curran, C.E. Dahl, A. David, J. Delgaudio, S. Dey, L. de Viveiros, L. Di Felice, C. Ding, J.E.Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, S.R. Eriksen, A. Fan, N.M. Fearon, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, E.D. Fraser, T.M.A. Fruth, R.J. Gaitskell, A. Geffre, J. Genovesi, C. Ghag, R. Gibbons, S. Gokhale, J. Green, M.G.D.van der Grinten, J.J. Haiston, C.R. Hall, S. Han, E. Hartigan-O'Connor, S.J. Haselschwardt, M.A. Hernandez, S.A. Hertel, G. Heuermann, G.J. Homenides, M. Horn, D.Q. Huang, D. Hunt, E. Jacquet, R.S. James, J. Johnson, A.C. Kaboth, A.C. Kamaha, M. Kannichankandy, D. Khaitan, A. Khazov, I. Khurana, J. Kim, Y.D. Kim, J. Kingston, R. Kirk, D. Kodroff, L. Korley, E.V. Korolkova, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, L. Kreczko, V.A. Kudryavtsev, D.S. Leonard, K.T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Lin

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a tonne-scale experiment searching for direct dark matter interactions and other rare events. It is located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. The core of the LZ detector is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC), designed with the primary goal of detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their induced low energy nuclear recoils. Surrounding the TPC, two veto detectors immersed in an ultra-pure water tank enable reducing background events to enhance the discovery potential. Intricate calibration systems are purposely designed to precisely understand the responses of these three detector volumes to various types of particle interactions and to demonstrate LZ's ability to discriminate between signals and backgrounds. In this paper, we present a comprehensive discussion of the key features, requirements, and performance of the LZ calibration systems, which play a crucial role in enabling LZ's WIMP-search and its broad science program. The thorough description of these calibration systems, with an emphasis on their novel aspects, is valuable for future calibration efforts in direct dark matter and other rare-event search experiments.

[7] arXiv:2406.12875 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Machine learning evaluation in the Global Event Processor FPGA for the ATLAS trigger upgrade

Zhixing Jiang, Scott Hauck, Dennis Yin, Bowen Zuo, Ben Carlson, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Allison Deiana, Rohin Narayan, Santosh Parajuli, Jeff Eastlack

Comments: 14 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables. Accepted by JINST on April 3, 2024

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

The Global Event Processor (GEP) FPGA is an area-constrained, performance-critical element of the Large Hadron Collider's (LHC) ATLAS experiment. It needs to very quickly determine which small fraction of detected events should be retained for further processing, and which other events will be discarded. This system involves a large number of individual processing tasks, brought together within the overall Algorithm Processing Platform (APP), to make filtering decisions at an overall latency of no more than 8ms. Currently, such filtering tasks are hand-coded implementations of standard deterministic signal processing tasks.
In this paper we present methods to automatically create machine learning based algorithms for use within the APP framework, and demonstrate several successful such deployments. We leverage existing machine learning to FPGA flows such as hls4ml and fwX to significantly reduce the complexity of algorithm design. These have resulted in implementations of various machine learning algorithms with latencies of 1.2us and less than 5% resource utilization on an Xilinx XCVU9P FPGA. Finally, we implement these algorithms into the GEP system and present their actual performance.
Our work shows the potential of using machine learning in the GEP for high-energy physics applications. This can significantly improve the performance of the trigger system and enable the ATLAS experiment to collect more data and make more discoveries. The architecture and approach presented in this paper can also be applied to other applications that require real-time processing of large volumes of data.

[8] arXiv:2406.12877 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Design of a SiPM-on-Tile ZDC for the future EIC and its Performance with Graph Neural Networks

Ryan Milton, Sebouh J. Paul, Barak Schmookler, Miguel Arratia, Piyush Karande, Aaron Angerami, Fernando Torales Acosta, Benjamin Nachman

Comments: 9 pages, 9 figures. Code and datasets included

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)

We present a design for a high-granularity zero-degree calorimeter (ZDC) for the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The design uses SiPM-on-tile technology and features a novel staggered-layer arrangement that improves spatial resolution. To fully leverage the design's high granularity and non-trivial geometry, we employ graph neural networks (GNNs) for energy and angle regression as well as signal classification. The GNN-boosted performance metrics meet, and in some cases, significantly surpass the requirements set in the EIC Yellow Report, laying the groundwork for enhanced measurements that will facilitate a wide physics program. Our studies show that GNNs can significantly enhance the performance of high-granularity CALICE-style calorimeters by automating and optimizing the software compensation algorithms required for these systems. This improvement holds true even in the case of complicated geometries that pose challenges for image-based AI/ML methods.

[9] arXiv:2406.12878 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Beam test results of the prototype of the multi wire drift chamber for the CSR external-target experiment

Zhi Qin, Zhoubo He, Zhe Cao, Tao Chen, Zhi Deng, Limin Duan, Dong Guo, Rongjiang Hu, Jie Kong, Canwen Liu, Peng Ma, Xianglun Wei, Shihai Wen, Xiangjie Wen, Junwei Yan, Herun Yang, Zuoqiao Yang, Yuhong Yu, Zhigang Xiao

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)

The half-size prototype of the multi wire drift chamber (MWDC) for the cooling storage ring (CSR) external-target experiment (CEE) was assembled and tested in 350 MeV/u Kr+Fe reactions on the heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The prototype consists of 6 sense layers, where the sense wires are stretched in three directions X, U and V, meeting $0^\circ$, $30^\circ$ and $-30^\circ$ with respect to the vertical axis, respectively. The sensitive area of the prototype is $76 {\rm cm} \times 76 {\rm cm}$. The amplified and shaped signals from the anode wires are digitized in a serial capacity array. Being operated with 1500 V high voltage on the anode wires, the efficiency for each layer is beyond 95\%. The tracking residual is about $301 \pm 2 \rm \mu m$. The performance meets the requirements of CEE.

[10] arXiv:2406.12879 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Bayesian Approach to Particles Identification in the MPD Experimen

V.A. Babkin, V.M. Baryshnikov, M.G. Buryakov, A.S. Burdyko, S.G. Buzin, A.V. Dmitriev, V.I. Dronik, P.O. Dulov, A.A. Fedyunin, V.M. Golovatyuk, E.Yu. Kidanova, S.P. Lobastov, A.D. Pyatigor, M.M. Rumyantsev, K.A. Vokhmyanina

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)

Identification of particles generated by ion collisions in the NICA collider is one of the basic functions of the Multipurpose Detector (MPD). The main means of identification in MPD are the time-of-flight system (TOF) and the time-projection chamber (TPC). The article considers the optimization of the algorithms of particles identification by these systems. Under certain conditions, the use of the statistical Bayesian approach has made it possible to achieve an optimal ratio of the efficiency of particle identification and contamination by incorrectly defined particles.

[11] arXiv:2406.12880 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, other]

Title: Technical design report for the CODEX-$\beta$ demonstrator

CODEX-b collaboration: Giulio Aielli, Juliette Alimena, James Beacham, Eli Ben Haim, Andras Burucs, Roberto Cardarelli, Matthew Charles, Xabier Cid Vidal, Albert De Roeck, Biplab Dey, Silviu Dobrescu, Ozgur Durmus, Mohamed Elashri, Vladimir Gligorov, Rebeca Gonzalez Suarez, Thomas Gorordo, Zarria Gray, Conor Henderson, Louis Henry, Philip Ilten, Daniel Johnson, Jacob Kautz, Simon Knapen, Bingxuan Liu, Yang Liu, Saul Lopez Solino, Titus Mombacher, Benjamin Nachman, David Northacker, Gabriel Nowak, Michele Papucci, Gabriella Pasztor, Eloi Pazos Rial, Jake Pfaller, Luca Pizzimento, Maximo Plo Casasus, Gian Andrea Rassati, Dean Robinson, Emilio Xose Rodriguez Fernandez, Debashis Sahoo, Sinem Simsek, Michael Sokoloff, Aditya Suresh, Paul Swallow, James Swanson, Riccardo Vari, Carlos Vazquez Sierra, Gabor Veres, Nigel Watson, Michael Wilkinson, Michael Williams

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

The CODEX-$\beta$ apparatus is a demonstrator for the proposed future CODEX-b experiment, a long-lived-particle detector foreseen for operation at IP8 during HL-LHC data-taking. The demonstrator project, intended to collect data in 2025, is described, with a particular focus on the design, construction, and installation of the new apparatus.

[12] arXiv:2406.12898 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, html, other]

Title: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Generative Models in Calorimeter Shower Simulation

Farzana Yasmin Ahmad, Vanamala Venkataswamy, Geoffrey Fox

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)

The pursuit of understanding fundamental particle interactions has reached unparalleled precision levels. Particle physics detectors play a crucial role in generating low-level object signatures that encode collision physics. However, simulating these particle collisions is a demanding task in terms of memory and computation which will be exasperated with larger data volumes, more complex detectors, and a higher pileup environment in the High-Luminosity LHC. The introduction of "Fast Simulation" has been pivotal in overcoming computational bottlenecks. The use of deep-generative models has sparked a surge of interest in surrogate modeling for detector simulations, generating particle showers that closely resemble the observed data. Nonetheless, there is a pressing need for a comprehensive evaluation of their performance using a standardized set of metrics. In this study, we conducted a rigorous evaluation of three generative models using standard datasets and a diverse set of metrics derived from physics, computer vision, and statistics. Furthermore, we explored the impact of using full versus mixed precision modes during inference. Our evaluation revealed that the CaloDiffusion and CaloScore generative models demonstrate the most accurate simulation of particle showers, yet there remains substantial room for improvement. Our findings identified areas where the evaluated models fell short in accurately replicating Geant4 data.

[13] arXiv:2406.12899 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, other]

Title: Structural design of the acrylic vessel for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment

Zongyi Wang, Yuhao Liua, Shaomin Chen, Yuanqing Wang, Zhe Wang, Ming Huang

Comments: 27 pages, 11 figures,7 tables

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

The Jinping neutrino experiment is designed to have multiple purposes in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Following the acrylic vessel design requirements proposal, a structural scheme has been developed and optimized. Subsequently, the stability of the acrylic shell structure was calculated using finite element analysis, as well as the load-bearing capacities under various working conditions. Further, the effects of temperature changes, rope failures, and Young's modulus of the ropes on the static behavior of the structure were analyzed. The results indicated that the stress level and structural displacement of the structure scheme satisfies the design requirements, as well as the stability of the vessel under compression. Moreover, the stress and displacement of the acrylic shell satisfies the given working conditions and temperatures. The structural scheme ensures basic safety if the rope fails.

[14] arXiv:2406.12901 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Interpretable machine learning approach for electron antineutrino selection in a large liquid scintillator detector

A. Gavrikov, V. Cerrone, A. Serafini, R. Brugnera, A. Garfagnini, M. Grassi, B. Jelmini, L. Lastrucci, S. Aiello, G. Andronico, V. Antonelli, A. Barresi, D. Basilico, M. Beretta, A. Bergnoli, M. Borghesi, A. Brigatti, R. Bruno, A. Budano, B. Caccianiga, A. Cammi, R. Caruso, D. Chiesa, C. Clementi, S. Dusini, A. Fabbri, G. Felici, F. Ferraro, M. G. Giammarchi, N. Giugice, R. M. Guizzetti, N. Guardone, C. Landini, I. Lippi, S. Loffredo, L. Loi, P. Lombardi, C. Lombardo, F. Mantovani, S. M. Mari, A. Martini, L. Miramonti, M. Montuschi, M. Nastasi, D. Orestano, F. Ortica, A. Paoloni, E. Percalli, F. Petrucci, E. Previtali, G. Ranucci, A. C. Re, M. Redchuck, B. Ricci, A. Romani, P. Saggese, G. Sava, C. Sirignano, M. Sisti, L. Stanco, E. Stanescu Farilla, V. Strati, M. D. C. Torri, A. Triossi, C. Tuvé, C. Venettacci, G. Verde, L. Votano

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); Machine Learning (cs.LG); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)

Several neutrino detectors, KamLAND, Daya Bay, Double Chooz, RENO, and the forthcoming large-scale JUNO, rely on liquid scintillator to detect reactor antineutrino interactions. In this context, inverse beta decay represents the golden channel for antineutrino detection, providing a pair of correlated events, thus a strong experimental signature to distinguish the signal from a variety of backgrounds. However, given the low cross-section of antineutrino interactions, the development of a powerful event selection algorithm becomes imperative to achieve effective discrimination between signal and backgrounds. In this study, we introduce a machine learning (ML) model to achieve this goal: a fully connected neural network as a powerful signal-background discriminator for a large liquid scintillator detector. We demonstrate, using the JUNO detector as an example, that, despite the already high efficiency of a cut-based approach, the presented ML model can further improve the overall event selection efficiency. Moreover, it allows for the retention of signal events at the detector edges that would otherwise be rejected because of the overwhelming amount of background events in that region. We also present the first interpretable analysis of the ML approach for event selection in reactor neutrino experiments. This method provides insights into the decision-making process of the model and offers valuable information for improving and updating traditional event selection approaches.

[15] arXiv:2406.12912 (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Burn-in Test and Thermal Performance Evaluation of Silicon Photomultipliers for the JUNO-TAO Experiment

X. Chen, G.F. Cao, M.H. Qu, H.W. Wang, N. Anfimov, A. Rybnikov, J.Y. Xu, A.Q. Su, Z.L. Chen, J. Cao, Y.C. Li, M. Qi

Comments: 15 pages, 15 figures, submitted to JINST

Subjects: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

This study evaluates more than 4,000 tiles made of Hamamatsu visual-sensitive silicon photomultipier (SiPM), each with dimensions of 5 $\times$ 5 cm$^2$, intended for the central detector of the Taishan Anti-neutrino Observatory (TAO), a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) aimed at measuring the reactor anti-neutrino energy spectrum with unprecedented energy resolution. All SiPM tiles underwent a room temperature burn-in test in the dark for two weeks, while cryogenic testing analyzed the thermal dependence of parameters for some sampled SiPMs. Results from these comprehensive tests provide crucial insights into the long-term performance and stability of the 10 square meters of SiPMs operating at -50°C to detect scintillation photons in the TAO detector. Despite some anomalies awaiting further inspection, all SiPMs successfully passed the burn-in test over two weeks at room temperature, which is equivalent to 6.7 years at -50°C. Results are also used to guide optimal SiPM selection, configuration, and operation, ensuring reliability and sustainability in reactor neutrino measurements. This work also provides insights for a rapid and robust quality assessment in future experiments that employ large-scale SiPMs as detection systems.

[16] arXiv:2406.12956 (cross-list from hep-ph) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Cold Darkogenesis: Dark Matter and Baryon Asymmetry in Light of the PTA Signal

Kohei Fujikura, Sudhakantha Girmohanta, Yuichiro Nakai, Zhihao Zhang

Comments: 5 + 4 pages, 3 figures

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)

We build upon the intriguing possibility that the recently reported nano-Hz gravitational wave signal by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments is sourced by a strong first-order phase transition from a nearly conformal dark sector. The phase transition has to be strongly supercooled to explain the signal amplitude, while the critical temperature has to be in the $\cal{O}$(GeV) range, as dictated by the peak frequency of the gravitational wave spectrum. However, the resulting strong supercooling exponentially dilutes away any pre-existing baryon asymmetry and dark matter, calling for a new paradigm of their productions. We then develop a mechanism of cold darkogenesis that generates a dark asymmetry during the phase transition from the textured dark $SU(2)_{\rm D}$ Higgs field. This dark asymmetry is transferred to the visible sector via neutron portal interactions, resulting in the observed baryon asymmetry. Furthermore, the mechanism naturally leads to the correct abundance of asymmetric dark matter, with self-interaction of the scale that is of the right order to solve the diversity problem in galactic rotation curves. Collider searches for mono-jets and dark matter direct detection experiments can dictate the viability of the model.

[17] arXiv:2406.12961 (cross-list from hep-ph) [pdf, html, other]

Title: LO, NLO, and NNLO Parton Distributions for LHC Event Generators

Juan Cruz-Martinez, Stefano Forte, Niccolo Laurenti, Tanjona R. Rabemananjara, Juan Rojo

Comments: 14 pages, 9 figures, PDF sets available from this https URL

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

We present NNPDF4.0MC, a variant of the NNPDF4.0 set of parton distributions (PDFs) at LO, NLO and NNLO, with and without inclusion of the photon PDF, suitable for use with Monte Carlo (MC) event generators, which require PDFs to satisfy additional constraints in comparison to standard PDF sets. These requirements include PDF positivity down to a low scale $Q\sim 1$ GeV, smooth extrapolation in the very small and large $x$ regions, and numerically stable results even in extreme regions of phase space for all PDFs. We compare the NNPDF4.0MC PDFs to their baseline NNPDF4.0 counterparts, and to the NNPDF2.3LO set entering the Monash tune of the Pythia8 event generator. We briefly assess the phenomenological impact of these PDFs on the cross-sections for hard and soft QCD processes at the LHC.

[18] arXiv:2406.13074 (cross-list from hep-ph) [pdf, html, other]

Title: PIPPIN: Generating variable length full events from partons

Guillaume Quétant, John Andrew Raine, Matthew Leigh, Debajyoti Sengupta, Tobias Golling

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); Machine Learning (cs.LG); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Machine Learning (stat.ML)

This paper presents a novel approach for directly generating full events at detector-level from parton-level information, leveraging cutting-edge machine learning techniques. To address the challenge of multiplicity variations between parton and reconstructed object spaces, we employ transformers, score-based models and normalizing flows. Our method tackles the inherent complexities of the stochastic transition between these two spaces and achieves remarkably accurate results. The combination of innovative techniques and the achieved accuracy demonstrates the potential of our approach in advancing the field and opens avenues for further exploration. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in high-energy physics and generative modelling, providing a promising direction for enhanced precision in fast detector simulation.

[19] arXiv:2406.13516 (cross-list from nucl-ex) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data

M. Aker, D. Batzler, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, J. Beisenkötter, M. Biassoni, B. Bieringer, Y. Biondi, F. Block, S. Bobien, M. Böttcher, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. S. Caldwell, M. Carminati, A. Chatrabhuti, S. Chilingaryan, B. A. Daniel, K. Debowski, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, C. Fengler, C. Fiorini, J. A. Formaggio, C. Forstner, F. M. Fränkle, K. Gauda, A. S. Gavin, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, N. Gutknecht, V. Hannen, L. Hasselmann, N. Haußmann, K. Helbing, H. Henke, S. Heyns, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, K. Khosonthongkee, M. Kleifges, M. Klein, J. Kohpeiß, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, N. Kovač, A. Kovalík, H. Krause, L. La Cascio, T. Lasserre, J. Lauer, T. Le, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, G. Li, A. Lokhov M. Machatschek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, S. Mertens, S. Mohanty, J. Mostafa, K. Müller, A. Nava, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Onillon, D. S. Parno, M. Pavan, U. Pinsook, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. Lopez Poyato, S. Pozzi, F. Priester, J. Ráliš, S. Ramachandran, R. G. H. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig

Comments: 61 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables

Subjects: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass bears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, we report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium $\beta$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first five neutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_\nu^{2} = {-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_\nu < {0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics of previous data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259 measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improved systematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by a factor of almost two.

[20] arXiv:2406.13520 (cross-list from nucl-th) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Energy dependence of particle production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$ = 7.7-200 GeV using a multiphase transport model

Krishan Gopal, Chitrasen Jena, Kishora Nayak

Subjects: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)

In this study, we employ a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model to understand the production of $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, $\overline{p}$, $K^{0}_{s}$, $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, and $\phi$ in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$, $27$, $39$, $62.4$, and $200$ GeV. We have studied the energy dependence of various bulk properties of the system such as transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra, particle yields ($dN/dy$), mean transverse mass ($\langle m_T \rangle$), and anti-particle to particle ratios. Model calculations using both default and string melting versions of the AMPT with three distinct sets of initial conditions are compared to the data from the STAR experiment. In the case of $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\overline{p}$, we observe that the string melting version shows better agreement with data at higher energies, while the default version performs better at lower collision energies. However, for $K^{0}_{s}$, $\Lambda$, and $\phi$, it is observed that the default version is able to describe the data better at all energies. In addition, we have used the blast-wave model to extract the kinetic freeze-out properties, like the kinetic freeze-out temperature and the radial flow velocity. We observe that these parameters are comparable with the data.

[21] arXiv:2406.13593 (cross-list from hep-ph) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Neutrino trident scattering at the LHC energy regime

Reinaldo Francener, Victor P. Goncalves, Diego R. Gratieri

Comments: 7 pages, 5 figures

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

The neutrino trident scattering process in neutrino - tungsten interactions at the LHC energy regime is investigated, and the cross-sections for different leptonic final states in coherent and incoherent interactions are estimated. Furthermore, the associated number of eventsat FASER$\nu$2 detector is estimated considering different predictions for the flux of incident neutrinos on the detector, based on distinct hadronic models for the particle production in $pp$ collisions at ultra-forward rapidities. Our results indicate that the observation of the neutrino trident process is, in principle, feasible at the Forward Physics Facility.

[22] arXiv:2406.13638 (cross-list from physics.data-an) [pdf, html, other]

Title: XENONnT WIMP Search: Signal & Background Modeling and Statistical Inference

XENON Collaboration: E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, K. Abe, S. Ahmed Maouloud, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, M. Bazyk, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, K. Boese, A. Brown, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, J. M. R. Cardoso, A. P. Cimental Chávez, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, V. D'Andrea, L. C. Daniel Garcia, M. P. Decowski, C. Di Donato, P. Di Gangi, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, T. Flehmke, M. Flierman, W. Fulgione, C. Fuselli, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, S. Ghosh, R. Giacomobono, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, H. Guan, M. Guida, P. Gyoergy, R. Hammann, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, N. F. Hood, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, Y. Kaminaga, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, A. Kopec, F. Kuger, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, Y.-T. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, T. Luce, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, A. Melchiorre, M. Messina, A. Michael, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå

Comments: 20 pages, 10 figures

Subjects: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an); Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)

The XENONnT experiment searches for weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter scattering off a xenon nucleus. In particular, XENONnT uses a dual-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9-tonne liquid xenon target, detecting both scintillation and ionization signals to reconstruct the energy, position, and type of recoil. A blind search for nuclear recoil WIMPs with an exposure of 1.1 tonne-years yielded no signal excess over background expectations, from which competitive exclusion limits were derived on WIMP-nucleon elastic scatter cross sections, for WIMP masses ranging from 6 GeV/$c^2$ up to the TeV/$c^2$ scale. This work details the modeling and statistical methods employed in this search. By means of calibration data, we model the detector response, which is then used to derive background and signal models. The construction and validation of these models is discussed, alongside additional purely data-driven backgrounds. We also describe the statistical inference framework, including the definition of the likelihood function and the construction of confidence intervals.

[23] arXiv:2406.13703 (cross-list from hep-ph) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Working group 1 summary: $V_{ud}$, $V_{us}$, $V_{cd}$, $V_{cs}$ and semileptonic/leptonic $D$ decays

Bipasha Chakraborty, Alex Gilman, Martin Hoferichter, Michal Koval

Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures; presented at the 12th Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, 18-22 September 2023, Santiago de Compostela

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)

We summarize the program of working group 1 at the 12th Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, whose main subjects covered $V_{ud}$, $V_{us}$, and first-row unitarity as well as $V_{cd}$, $V_{cs}$, and (semi-)leptonic $D$ decays.

[24] arXiv:2406.13818 (cross-list from hep-ph) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Effective theory tower for $\mu\rightarrow e$ conversion

Wick Haxton, Kenneth McElvain, Tony Menzo, Evan Rule, Jure Zupan

Comments: 60 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, to be submitted to JHEP

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)

We present theoretical predictions for $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion rates using a tower of effective field theories connecting the UV to nuclear physics scales. The interactions in nuclei are described using a recently developed nonrelativistic effective theory (NRET) that organizes contributions according to bound nucleon and muon velocities, $\vec{v}_N$ and $\vec{v}_\mu$, with $|\vec{v}_N| > |\vec{v}_\mu|$. To facilitate the top-down matching, we enlarge the set of Lorentz covariant nucleon-level interactions mapped onto the NRET operators to include those mediated by tensor interactions, in addition to the scalar and vector interactions already considered previously, and then match NRET nonperturbatively onto the Weak Effective Theory (WET). At the scale $\mu \approx 2$ GeV WET is formulated in terms of $u$, $d$, $s$ quarks, gluons and photons as the light degrees of freedom, along with the flavor-violating leptonic current. We retain contributions from WET operators up to dimension 7, which requires the full set of 26 NRET operators. The results are encoded in the open-source Python- and Mathematica-based software suite MuonBridge, which we make available to the theoretical and experimental communities interested in $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion.

[25] arXiv:2406.14480 (cross-list from hep-ph) [pdf, html, other]

Title: $P$ & $m_e$

Ravi Kuchimanchi

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

Curiously in the minimal left right symmetric model, chiral ($\chi$) symmetry that protects the electron's mass ($m_e$), due to parity (P) implies the vanishing of its neutrino mixing angles. We break the $\chi$ symmetry to generate the observed neutrino mixing which causes the electron to acquire its mass on RGE running, and in turn determines the B-L gauge symmetry breaking scale ($v_R$) to be $10^{10} GeV \lesssim v_R \leq 10^{15} GeV $ (and with fine-tuning can be at $10 TeV$ scale). If the muon's mass is also generated radiatively, the B-L breaking scale is $\sim 10^{14-15}$ GeV. Regardless of how the high scale $v_R$ is, this is a testable model for obtaining the mass of the electron (and muon), since on RGE running and P breaking, a large strong CP phase ($\bar{\theta} >> 10^{-10}$) which depends logarithmically on $v_R$ is generated if there is O(1) CP violation in leptonic Yukawa couplings. Hence we expect that leptonic CP phases including the Dirac CP phase $\delta_{CP}$ of the PMNS matrix must be consistent with $0$ or $180^o$ to within a degree, which can be verified or excluded by neutrino experiments such as DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande. In lieu of P, if charge conjugation C is used, the same results follow. However with C and no P, axions would likely need to be added anyway, in which case there is no constraint on $\delta_{CP}$.

Replacement submissions for Friday, 21 June 2024 (showing 22 of 22 entries )

[26] arXiv:2311.13663 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Simulation tools, first results and experimental status of the MURAVES experiment

Andrea Giammanco, Yanwen Hong, Marwa Al Moussawi, Fabio Ambrosino, Antonio Anastasio, Samip Basnet, Lorenzo Bonechi, Massimo Bongi, Diletta Borselli, Alan Bross, Antonio Caputo, Roberto Ciaranfi, Luigi Cimmino, Vitaliano Ciulli, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Mariaelena D'Errico, Catalin Frosin, Flora Giudicepietro, Sandro Gonzi, Giovanni Macedonio, Vincenzo Masone, Massimo Orazi, Andrea Paccagnella, Rosario Peluso, Anna Pla-Dalmau, Amrutha Samalan, Giulio Saracino, Giovanni Scarpato, Paolo Strolin, Michael Tytgat, Enrico Vertechi, Lorenzo Viliani

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)

The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of Mt. Vesuvius, an active and hazardous volcano near Naples, Italy, with the use of muons freely and abundantly produced by cosmic rays. In particular, the MURAVES experiment intends to perform muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius. The challenging measurement of the rock density distribution in its summit by muography, in conjunction with data from other geophysical techniques, can help model possible eruption dynamics. The MURAVES apparatus consists of an array of three independent and identical muon trackers, with a total sensitive area of 3 square meters. In each tracker, a sequence of 4 XY tracking planes made of plastic scintillators is complemented by a 60 cm thick lead wall inserted between the two downstream planes to improve rejection of background from low energy muons. The apparatus is currently acquiring data. This paper presents preliminary results from the analysis of the first data samples acquired with trackers pointing towards Mt. Vesuvius, including the first relative measurement of the density projection of two flanks of the volcano at three different altitudes; we also present the workflow of the simulation chain of the MURAVES experiment and its ongoing developments.

[27] arXiv:2401.12021 (replaced) [pdf, other]

Title: Study of $\Upsilon(10753)$ decays to $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(nS)$ final states at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration: I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal, H. Ahmed, H. Aihara, N. Akopov, A. Aloisio, N. Anh Ky, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, V. Aushev, M. Aversano, V. Babu, H. Bae, S. Bahinipati, P. Bambade, Sw. Banerjee, S. Bansal, M. Barrett, J. Baudot, A. Baur, A. Beaubien, F. Becherer, J. Becker, J. V. Bennett, F. U. Bernlochner, V. Bertacchi, M. Bertemes, E. Bertholet, M. Bessner, S. Bettarini, B. Bhuyan, F. Bianchi, T. Bilka, D. Biswas, A. Bobrov, D. Bodrov, A. Bolz, A. Bondar, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, P. Branchini, T. E. Browder, A. Budano, S. Bussino, M. Campajola, L. Cao, G. Casarosa, C. Cecchi, J. Cerasoli, M.-C. Chang, P. Chang, P. Cheema, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, K. Chirapatpimol, H.-E. Cho, K. Cho, S.-J. Cho, S.-K. Choi, S. Choudhury, L. Corona, S. Das, F. Dattola, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, S. A. De La Motte, G. De Nardo, M. De Nuccio, G. De Pietro, R. de Sangro, M. Destefanis, R. Dhamija, A. Di Canto, F. Di Capua, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, T. V. Dong, M. Dorigo, K. Dort, S. Dreyer, S. Dubey, G. Dujany, P. Ecker, M. Eliachevitch, P. Feichtinger, T. Ferber, D. Ferlewicz, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, G. Finocchiaro, A. Fodor, F. Forti, A. Frey, B. G. Fulsom, A. Gabrielli, E. Ganiev, M. Garcia-Hernandez, R. Garg, G. Gaudino

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

We present an analysis of the process $e^{+}e^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(nS)$ (where $n$ = 1, 2, or 3) reconstructed in $19.6\rm$ $\rm fb^{-1}$ of Belle II data during a special run of the SuperKEKB collider at four energy points near the peak of the $\Upsilon(10753)$ resonance. By analyzing the mass distribution of the $\pi^+\pi^-\Upsilon(nS)$ system and the Born cross sections of the $e^{+}e^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(nS)$ process, we report the first observation of $\Upsilon(10753)$ decays to the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(1S)$ and $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(2S)$ final states, and find no evidence for decays to $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(3S)$. Possible intermediate states in the $\pi^+\pi^-\Upsilon(1S,2S)$ transitions are also investigated, and no evidence for decays proceeding via the $\pi^\mp Z_b^\pm$ or $f_0(980)\Upsilon(nS)$ intermediate states is found. We measure Born cross sections for the $e^{+}e^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(nS)$ process that, combined with results from Belle, improve the precision of measurements of the $\Upsilon(10753)$ mass and width by nearly a factor of two to $(10756.3\pm2.7\pm0.6)$ MeV/$c^2$ and $(29.7\pm8.5\pm1.1)$ MeV, respectively. The relative ratios of the Born cross sections at the $\Upsilon(10753)$ resonance peak are also reported for the first time.

[28] arXiv:2401.13215 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: {\nu}Oscillation: a software package for computation and simulation of neutrino propagation and interaction

Seonghyeok Jang, Eunju Jeon, Eunil Won, Young Ju Ko, Kyungmin Lee

Comments: 15 pages, 8 figures

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

The behavior of neutrinos is the only phenomenon that cannot be explained by the standard model of particle physics. Because of these mysterious neutrino interactions observed in nature, at present, there is growing interest in this field and ongoing or planned neutrino experiments are seeking solutions to this mystery very actively. The design of neutrino experiments and the analysis of neutrino data rely on precise computations of neutrino oscillations and scattering processes in general. Motivated by this, we developed a software package that calculates neutrino production and oscillation in nuclear reactors, neutrino-electron scattering of solar neutrinos, and the oscillation of neutrinos from radioactive isotopes for the search of sterile neutrinos. This software package is validated by reproducing the result of calculations and observations in other publications. We also demonstrate the feasibility of this package by calculating the sensitivity of a liquid scintillator detector, currently in planning, to the sterile neutrinos. This work is expected to be used in designs of future neutrino experiments.

[29] arXiv:2402.14975 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Modification of $\chi_{c1}$(3872) and $\psi$(2$S$) production in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV

LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta, F. Abudinén, T. Ackernley, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, P. Adlarson, C. Agapopoulou, C.A. Aidala, Z. Ajaltouni, S. Akar, K. Akiba, P. Albicocco, J. Albrecht, F. Alessio, M. Alexander, A. Alfonso Albero, Z. Aliouche, P. Alvarez Cartelle, R. Amalric, S. Amato, J.L. Amey, Y. Amhis, L. An, L. Anderlini, M. Andersson, A. Andreianov, P. Andreola, M. Andreotti, D. Andreou, A. Anelli, D. Ao, F. Archilli, M. Argenton, S. Arguedas Cuendis, A. Artamonov, M. Artuso, E. Aslanides, M. Atzeni, B. Audurier, D. Bacher, I. Bachiller Perea, S. Bachmann, M. Bachmayer, J.J. Back, A. Bailly-reyre, P. Baladron Rodriguez, V. Balagura, W. Baldini, J. Baptista de Souza Leite, M. Barbetti, I. R. Barbosa, R.J. Barlow, S. Barsuk, W. Barter, M. Bartolini, F. Baryshnikov, J.M. Basels, G. Bassi, B. Batsukh, A. Battig, A. Bay, A. Beck, M. Becker, F. Bedeschi, I.B. Bediaga, A. Beiter, S. Belin, V. Bellee, K. Belous, I. Belov, I. Belyaev, G. Benane, G. Bencivenni, E. Ben-Haim, A. Berezhnoy, R. Bernet, S. Bernet Andres, H.C. Bernstein, C. Bertella, A. Bertolin, C. Betancourt, F. Betti, J. Bex, Ia. Bezshyiko, J. Bhom, M.S. Bieker, N.V. Biesuz, P. Billoir, A. Biolchini, M. Birch, F.C.R. Bishop, A. Bitadze, A. Bizzeti, M.P. Blago, T. Blake, F. Blanc, J.E. Blank

Comments: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at this https URL (LHCb public pages)

Journal-ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 (2024) 242301

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)

The LHCb collaboration measures production of the exotic hadron $\chi_{c1}$(3872) in proton-nucleus collisions for the first time. Comparison with the charmonium state $\psi$(2$S$) suggests that the exotic $\chi_{c1}$(3872) experiences different dynamics in the nuclear medium than conventional hadrons, and comparison with data from proton-proton collisions indicates that the presence of the nucleus may modify $\chi_{c1}$(3872) production rates. This is the first measurement of the nuclear modification factor of an exotic hadron.

[30] arXiv:2403.10341 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Search for the decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of light pseudoscalar bosons in the final state with four bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration

Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at this http URL (CMS Public Pages)

Journal-ref: JHEP 06 (2024) 097

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

A search is presented for the decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson (H) to a pair of new light pseudoscalar bosons (a), followed by the prompt decay of each a boson to a bottom quark-antiquark pair, H $\to$ aa $\to$ $\mathrm{b\bar{b}b\bar{b}}$. The analysis is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. To reduce the background from standard model processes, the search requires the Higgs boson to be produced in association with a leptonically decaying W or Z boson. The analysis probes the production of new light bosons in a 15 $\lt$ $m_\mathrm{a}$ $\lt$ 60 GeV mass range. Assuming the standard model predictions for the Higgs boson production cross sections for pp $\to$ WH and ZH, model independent upper limits at 95% confidence level are derived for the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}$(H $\to$ aa $\to$ $\mathrm{b\bar{b}b\bar{b}}$). The combined WH and ZH observed upper limit on the branching fraction ranges from 1.10 for $m_\mathrm{a} =$ 20 GeV to 0.36 for $m_\mathrm{a} =$ 60 GeV, complementing other measurements in the $\mu\mu\tau\tau$, $\tau\tau\tau\tau$ and bb$\ell\ell$ ($\ell = $ $\mu$, $\tau$) channels.

[31] arXiv:2403.14878 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors

E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, K. Abe, S. Ahmed Maouloud, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, M. Bazyk, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, E. J. Brookes, A. Brown, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, T. K. Bui, J. M. R. Cardoso, A. P. Cimental Chavez, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, V. D'Andrea, L. C.Daniel Garcia, M. P. Decowski, C. Di Donato, P. Di Gangi, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, T. Flehmke, M. Flierman, W. Fulgione, C. Fuselli, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, S. Ghosh, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, H. Guan, M. Guida, R. Hammann, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, N. F. Hood, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, A. Joy, Y. Kaminaga, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, A. Kopec, F. Kuger, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, Y. T. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, T. Luce, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, A. Melchiorre, M. Messina, A. Michael, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama

Comments: 17 pages, 19 figures

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)

This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using $^{222}\text{Rn}$ and $^{218}\text{Po}$ events, and the root-mean-square convection speed was measured to be $0.30 \pm 0.01$ cm/s. Given this velocity field, $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background events can be tagged when they are followed by $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays, or preceded by $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays. This was achieved by evolving a point cloud in the direction of a measured convection velocity field, and searching for $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays or $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background reduction of $6.2^{+0.4}_{-0.9}\%$ with an exposure loss of $1.8\pm 0.2 \%$, despite the timescales of convection being smaller than the relevant decay times. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic $^{137}\text{Xe}$ background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay.

[32] arXiv:2406.12379 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: The projected sensitivity of SCEP experiment to Magnetic Monopole

Changqing Ye, Beige Liu, Zhe Cao, Lingzhi Han, Xinming Huang, Min Jiang, Dong Liu, Qing Lin, Shitian Wan, Yusheng Wu, Lei Zhao, Yue Zhang, Xinhua Peng, Zhengguo Zhao

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)

The investigation of beyond-Standard-Model particles is a compelling direction in the pursuit of new physics. One such hypothetical particle, the magnetic monopole, has garnered considerable attention due to its strong theoretical motivation and potential to unveil profound physical phenomena. The magnetic monopole is intricately linked to the long-standing enigma surrounding the quantization of electric charge. In this manuscript, we propose a novel detection scenario for magnetic monopoles by employing a coincidence measurement technique that combines a room-temperature magnetometer with plastic scintillators. This setup allows for the collection of both the induction and scintillation signals generated by the passage of a monopole. The estimation of the sensitivity using a simple benchmark setup is given.

[33] arXiv:2012.13946 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Broadband Dark Matter Axion Detection using a Cylindrical Capacitor

Wenming Chen, Yu Gao, Qiaoli Yang

Comments: 9 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; matches published version

Journal-ref: Nucl. Phys. B 1005 (2024) 116602

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

Cosmological axions/axion-like particles can compose a significant part of dark matter; however, the uncertainty of their mass is large. Here, we propose to search the axions using a cylindrical capacitor, in which the static electric field converts dark matter axions into an oscillating magnetic field. Due to the odd CPs, the axions couple to the electric field differently compared to the magnetic field. The axion couples to the electric field via a derivative that carries spatial information of incoming dark matter flux, while the coupling to the magnetic field depends on the dark matter density. This difference could be helpful in searching the axions and studies of the integrity of the theory, especially when the axions are very light, in which case the magnetic field-induced signal is DC-like. Orientation dependence could also be used to reduce the kinetic fluctuation-induced noise when multiple detectors operate simultaneously. In addition, a cylindrical setup shields the electric field to the laboratory and encompasses the axion-induced magnetic field within the capacitor. The induced oscillating magnetic field can then be picked up by a sensitive magnetometer. Adding a superconductor ring-coil system into the scheme can further boost the sensitivity and maintain the axion dark matter inherent bandwidth. This proposed setup could be capable of wide mass range searches.

[34] arXiv:2107.10829 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: High-energy $\pi\pi$ scattering without and with photon radiation

Piotr Lebiedowicz, Otto Nachtmann, Antoni Szczurek

Comments: 57 pages, 20 figures, v3 is a final version including corrections from the published Erratum

Journal-ref: Phys.Rev.D 105 (2022) 014022; Erratum: Phys.Rev.D 109 (2024) 099901

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

We discuss the processes $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi$ and $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi \gamma$ from a general quantum field theory (QFT) point of view. We study the soft-photon limit where the photon energy $\omega \to 0$ and where we have the theorems due to F.E. Low and S. Weinberg. We consider for the radiative amplitude the Laurent expansion in $\omega$ and calculate the terms of order $\omega^{-1}$ and $\omega^{0}$. The pole term $\propto \omega^{-1}$ is given by Weinberg's soft-photon theorem. Then we calculate the amplitudes for the above reactions for high center-of-mass energies and small momentum transfers, that is, in the soft-diffraction regime using the tensor-pomeron model. We identify places where "anomalous" soft photons could come from. Three soft-photon approximations (SPAs) are introduced. The corresponding SPA results are compared to those obtained from the full tensor-pomeron model for center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 10$ GeV and 100 GeV. The kinematic regions where the SPAs are a good representation of the full amplitude are determined. Finally we make some remarks on the type of fundamental information one could obtain from high-energy exclusive hadronic reactions without and with soft photon radiation.

[35] arXiv:2202.09217 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Indirect search of Heavy Neutral Leptons using the DUNE Near Detector

S. Carbajal, A. M. Gago

Comments: 11 pages, 13 figures; the chi2 is now calculated by comparing the neutrino CC spectra instead of the total CC events

Journal-ref: Frontiers in Physics 12 (2024)

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

We evaluate the potential of the DUNE Near Detector (DUNEND) for establishing bounds for heavy neutral leptons (HNL). This is achieved by studying how the presence of HNLs affects the production rates of active neutrinos, therefore, creating a deficit in the neutrino charged current (CC) events at the LArTPC of the DUNEND. The estimated bounds on HNLs are calculated for masses between 1 eV and 500 MeV. We consider 10 years of operation (5 in neutrino and antineutrino mode) and obtain limits of $|U_{\mu4}|^2 < 9 \times 10^{-3} (4 \times10^{-2})$ and $|U_{e4}|^2 < 7\times10^{-3} (3 \times10^{-2})$ for masses below 10 MeV and a 5\%(20\%) overall normalization uncertainty in the neutrino charged current event rates prediction. These limits, within the region of masses below 2(10) MeV, are better than those that can be achieved by DUNE direct searches for the case of a 5\%(20\%) uncertainty. When a conservative 20\% uncertainty is present, our limits can only improve current constraints on $|U_{e4}|^2$ by up to a factor of 3 in a small region around 5 eV and set limits on $|U_{\mu4}|^2$ in a mass region free of constraints (40 eV - 1 MeV).

[36] arXiv:2301.07036 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: EFT analysis of New Physics at COHERENT

Víctor Bresó-Pla, Adam Falkowski, Martín González-Alonso, Kevin Monsálvez-Pozo

Comments: 52 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, typos corrected

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

Using an effective field theory approach, we study coherent neutrino scattering on nuclei, in the setup pertinent to the COHERENT experiment. We include non-standard effects both in neutrino production and detection, with an arbitrary flavor structure, with all leading Wilson coefficients simultaneously present, and without assuming factorization in flux times cross section. A concise description of the COHERENT event rate is obtained by introducing three generalized weak charges, which can be associated (in a certain sense) to the production and scattering of $\nu_e$, $\nu_\mu$ and $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ on the nuclear target. Our results are presented in a convenient form that can be trivially applied to specific New Physics scenarios. In particular, we find that existing COHERENT measurements provide percent level constraints on two combinations of Wilson coefficients. These constraints have a visible impact on the global SMEFT fit, even in the constrained flavor-blind setup. The improvement, which affects certain 4-fermion LLQQ operators, is significantly more important in a flavor-general SMEFT. Our work shows that COHERENT data should be included in electroweak precision studies from now on.

[37] arXiv:2309.15602 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Dispersive determination of fourth generation quark masses

Hsiang-nan Li

Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures, version to appear in PRD

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

We determine the masses of the sequential fourth generation quarks $b'$ and $t'$ in the extension of the Standard Model by solving the dispersion relations associated with the mixing between the neutral states $Q\bar q$ and $\bar Qq$, $Q$ ($q$) being a heavy (light) quark. The box diagrams responsible for the mixing, which provide the perturbative inputs to the dispersion relations, involve multiple intermediate channels, i.e., the $ut$ and $ct$ channels, $u$ ($c$, $t$) being an up (charm, top) quark, in the $b'$ case, and the $db'$, $sb'$ and $bb'$ ones, $d$ ($s$, $b$) being a down (strange, bottom) quark, in the $t'$ case. The common solutions for the above channels lead to the masses $m_{b'}=(2.7\pm 0.1)$ TeV and $m_{t'}\approx 200$ TeV unambiguously. We show that these superheavy quarks, forming bound states in a Yukawa potential, barely contribute to Higgs boson production via gluon fusion and decay to photon pairs, and bypass current experimental constraints. The mass of the $\bar b'b'$ ground state is estimated to be about 3.2 TeV. It is thus worthwhile to continue the search for $b'$ quarks or $\bar b'b'$ resonances at the (high-luminosity) large hadron collider.

[38] arXiv:2401.13393 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Effect of continuum states on the double-heavy hadron spectra

Jaume Tarrús Castellà

Comments: 20 pages, 4 figures, Journal version

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)

We present the leading order coupling of double-heavy hadrons to heavy hadron pairs in Born-Oppenheimer effective field theory. We obtain the expressions for the contribution of heavy hadron pairs to the masses and widths of double-heavy hadrons. We apply our result for the specific case of the coupling of the lowest lying heavy hybrids and $D_{(s)}^{(*)}\bar{D}_{(s)}^{(*)}(B_{(s)}^{(*)}\bar{B}_{(s)}^{(*)})$ obtaining a set of selection rules for the decays. We build a model for the coupling potential and compute the corresponding decay widths and the contributions to the mass of the heavy hybrids. We compare our results with the experimental exotic quarkonium spectrum and discuss the most likely experimental candidates for quarkonium hybrids.

[39] arXiv:2401.17365 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Polarized ZZ pairs in gluon fusion and vector boson fusion at the LHC

Martina Javurkova, Richard Ruiz, Rafael Coelho Lopes de Sá, Jay Sandesara

Comments: Published version: additional discussion, results, and references. 16 pages, 6 figures, FeynRules UFO available from this https URL, mg5amc configuration files available from this https URL

Journal-ref: Phys. Lett. B 855 (2024) 138787

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

Pair production of helicity-polarized weak bosons $(V_\lambda=W^\pm_\lambda, Z_\lambda)$ from gluon fusion $(gg\to V_\lambda V'_{\lambda'})$ and weak boson fusion $(V_1V_2\to V_\lambda V'_{\lambda'})$ are powerful probes of the Standard Model, new physics, and properties of quantum systems. Measuring cross sections of polarized processes is a chief objective of the Large Hadron Collider's (LHC) Run 3 and high luminosity programs, but progress is limited by the simulation tools that are presently available. We propose a method for computing polarized cross sections that works by directly modifying Feynman rules instead of (squared) amplitudes. The method is applicable to loop-induced processes, and can capture the interference between arbitrary polarization configurations, interference with non-resonant diagrams, as well as off-shell/finite-width effects. By construction, previous results that work at the (squared) amplitude level are recoverable. As a demonstration, we report the prospect of observing and studying polarized $Z_\lambda Z_{\lambda'}$ pairs when produced via gluon fusion and electroweak processes in final-states with four charged leptons at the LHC, using the new method to simulate the gluon fusion process. Our Feynman rules are publicly available as a set of \textit{Universal FeynRules Object} libraries called \texttt{SM\_Loop\_VPolar}.

[40] arXiv:2403.06133 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Transverse polarization of Lambda hyperons in hadronic collisions

Ying Gao, Kai-Bao Chen, Yu-Kun Song, Shu-Yi Wei

Comments: 13 pages, 15 figures

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)

The transverse polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperon within reconstructed jets in hadronic collisions offers a complementary platform to probe the polarized fragmentation function $D_{1T}^\perp$. We illustrate that by performing a global analysis of the transverse polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons produced in different kinematic regions and in different hadronic collisions, such as $pp$, $p\bar p$, $pA$, and $\gamma A$ collisions, we can pin down the flavor dependence of $D_{1T}^\perp$ which has been poorly constrained. Besides the single inclusive jet production, the $\gamma/Z^0$-boson associated jet production supplements with more capability in removing ambiguities in the flavor dependence of $D_{1T}^\perp$.

[41] arXiv:2404.08598 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Next-to-next-to-leading order event generation for Z-boson production in association with a bottom-quark pair

Javier Mazzitelli, Vasily Sotnikov, Marius Wiesemann

Comments: 5 pages + supplementary material, 2 figures, 2 tables

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

We consider the production of a Z boson decaying to leptons in association with a bottom-quark pair in hadronic collisions. For the first time, we compute predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD, and we combine them with the all-orders radiative corrections from a parton-shower simulation (NNLO+PS). Our method represents the first approach to NNLO+PS event generation applicable to processes featuring a colour singlet and a heavy-quark pair in the final state. The novel two-loop corrections are computed for massless bottom quarks, and the leading mass corrections are restored through a small-mass expansion. The calculation is carried out in the four-flavour scheme, and we find that the sizeable NNLO QCD corrections lift the long-standing tension between lower-order predictions in four- and five-flavour schemes. Our predictions are compared to a CMS measurement for Z boson plus b-jet production, achieving an excellent description of the data.

[42] arXiv:2404.12654 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Semileptonic $\Omega_{b}\rightarrow \Omega_{c}{\ell}\bar\nu_{\ell}$ transition in full QCD

Z. Neishabouri, K. Azizi, H. R. Moshfegh

Comments: 19 Pages, 9 Figures and 5 Tables

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)

We investigate the semileptonic decay of $\Omega_b\to\Omega_c~{\ell}\bar\nu_{\ell}$ in three lepton channels. To this end, we use QCD sum rule method in three point framework to calculate the form factors defining the matrix elements of these transitions. Having calculated the form factors as building blocks, we calculate the decay widths and branching fractions of the exclusive decays in all lepton channels and compare the results with other theoretical predictions. The obtained results for branching ratios and ratio of branching fractions at different leptonic channels may help experimental groups in their search for these weak decays. Comparison of the obtained results with possible future experimental data can be useful to check the order of consistency between the standard model theory predictions and data on the heavy baryon decays.

[43] arXiv:2404.13814 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Discovering Quirks through Timing at FASER and Future Forward Experiments at the LHC

Jonathan L. Feng, Jinmian Li, Xufei Liao, Jian Ni, Junle Pei

Comments: 29 pages, 11 figures, version to appear in JHEP

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

Quirks are generic predictions of strongly-coupled dark sectors. For weak-scale masses and a broad range of confining scales in the dark sector, quirks can be discovered only at the energy frontier, but quirk--anti-quirk pairs are produced with unusual signatures at low $p_T$, making them difficult to detect at the large LHC detectors. We determine the prospects for discovering quirks using timing information at FASER, FASER2, and an "ultimate detector" in the far-forward region at the LHC. NLO QCD corrections are incorporated in the simulation of quirk production, which can significantly increase the production rate. To accurately propagate quirk pairs from the ATLAS interaction point to the forward detectors, the ionization energy loss of charged quirks traveling through matter, the radiation of infracolor glueballs and QCD hadrons during quirk pair oscillations, and the annihilation of quirkonium are properly considered. The quirk signal is separated from the large muon background using timing information from scintillator detectors by requiring either two coincident delayed tracks, based on arrival times at the detector, or two coincident slow tracks, based on time differences between hits in the front and back scintillators. We find that simple cuts preserve much of the signal, but reduce the muon background to negligible levels. With the data already collected, FASER can discover quirks in currently unconstrained parameter space. FASER2, running at the Forward Physics Facility during the HL-LHC era, will greatly extend this reach, probing the TeV-scale quirk masses motivated by the gauge hierarchy problem for the broad range of dark-sector confining scales between 100 eV and 100 keV.

[44] arXiv:2404.19589 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade

R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J.M. Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, L. Ausborm, S. N. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, S. Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, C. Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book Motzkin, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, B. Brinson, J. Brostean-Kaiser, L. Brusa, R. T. Burley, D. Butterfield, M. A. Campana, I. Caracas, K. Carloni, J. Carpio, S. Chattopadhyay, N. Chau, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, R. Corley, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado, S. Deng, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, P. Dierichs, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, L. Draper, H. Dujmovic, K. Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, L. Eidenschink, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, S. El Mentawi, D. Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, K. Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster

Comments: 24 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables, submitted to JINST

Subjects: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)

More than 10,000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80 mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than 1000 PMTs per week with both sites was achieved with a modular design of the testing facilities and highly automated testing procedures. The testing facilities can easily be adapted to other PMTs, such that they can, e.g., be re-used for testing the PMTs for IceCube-Gen2. Single photoelectron response, high voltage dependence, time resolution, prepulse, late pulse, afterpulse probabilities, and dark rates were measured for each PMT. We describe the design of the testing facilities, the testing procedures, and the results of the acceptance tests.

[45] arXiv:2405.04681 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Onset of scaling violation in pion and kaon elastic electromagnetic form factors

Zhao-Qian Yao, Daniele Binosi, Craig D. Roberts

Comments: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)

Using a symmetry-preserving truncation of the quantum field equations describing hadron properties, parameter-free predictions are delivered for pion and kaon elastic electromagnetic form factors, $F_{P=\pi,K}$, thereby unifying them with kindred results for nucleon elastic electromagnetic form factors. Regarding positive-charge states, the analysis stresses that the presence of scaling violations in QCD entails that $Q^2 F_P(Q^2)$ should exhibit a single maximum on $Q^2>0$. Locating such a maximum is both necessary and sufficient to establish the existence of scaling violations. The study predicts that, for charged $\pi$, $K$ mesons, the $Q^2 F_P(Q^2)$ maximum lies in the neighbourhood $Q^2 \simeq 5\,$GeV$^2$. Foreseeable experiments will test these predictions and, providing their $Q^2$ reach meets expectations, potentially also provide details on the momentum dependence of meson form factor scaling violation.

[46] arXiv:2406.03440 (replaced) [pdf, other]

Title: Analysis of experimental data on neutron decay for the possibility of the existence of a right vector boson $W_R$

A.P. Serebrov, R. M. Samoilov, O.M. Zherebtsov, A.K. Fomin, N.S. Budanov

Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

Due to the assumption that sterile neutrinos are right-handed neutrinos, an analysis of the modern experimental situation in neutron decay for right-handed currents was carried out. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there are indications of the existence of a right-handed vector boson $W_R$ with a mass $M_{W_R}\approx 870_{-140}^{+260} \text{GeV}$ and a mixing angle with $W_L$: $\zeta=0.061_{-0.024}^{+0.017}$. This circumstance is the basis for discussing the possibility of expanding the Standard Model with an additional gauge vector boson $W_R$ and right-handed neutrinos.

[47] arXiv:2406.08313 (replaced) [pdf, html, other]

Title: Searching for bound states in the open strangeness systems

C. W. Xiao, J. J. Wu

Comments: More comments added

Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)

Inspired by the recent findings of $Z_{cs}$ and $P_{cs}$ states, we investigate the strong interactions of the systems with open strangeness(es) from the light sector to the heavy sector (no beauty quark), where the interaction potential is derived from the vector meson exchange mechanism in $t$- and $u$-channels. In the current work, we discuss all of single channel cases for the open strangeness in the systemic framework, where the resonances $X_0(2866)$, $D^*_{s0}(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ are dynamically generated. Furthermore, there are many new exotics predicted. In addition, the left-hand cut problem in $t$- and $u$-channels is discussed in detail.