Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
[Submitted on 9 Oct 2023 (v1), last revised 19 Jun 2024 (this version, v3)]
Title:XLSSC 122 caught in the act of growing up: Spatially resolved SZ observations of a z=1.98 galaxy cluster
View PDF HTML (experimental)Abstract:How protoclusters evolved from sparse galaxy overdensities to mature galaxy clusters is still not well understood. In this context, detecting and characterizing the hot ICM at high redshifts (z~2) is key to understanding how the continuous accretion from and mergers along the filamentary large-scale structure impact the first phases of cluster formation. We study the dynamical state and morphology of the z=1.98 galaxy cluster XLSSC 122 with high-resolution observations (~5") of the ICM through the SZ effect. Via Bayesian forward modeling, we map the ICM on scales from the virial radius down to the core of the cluster. To constrain such a broad range of spatial scales, we employ a new technique that jointly forward-models parametric descriptions of the pressure distribution to interferometric ACA and ALMA observations and multi-band imaging data from the 6-m, single-dish Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We detect the SZ effect with $11\sigma$ in the ALMA+ACA observations and find a flattened inner pressure profile that is consistent with a non-cool core classification with a significance of $>3\sigma$. In contrast to the previous works, we find better agreement between the SZ effect signal and the X-ray emission as well as the cluster member distribution. Further, XLSSC 122 exhibits an excess of SZ flux in the south of the cluster where no X-ray emission is detected. By reconstructing the interferometric observations and modeling in the uv-plane, we obtain a tentative detection of an infalling group or filamentary-like structure that is believed to boost and heat up the ICM while the density of the gas is low. In addition, we provide an improved SZ mass of $M_{500,\mathrm{c}} = 1.66^{+0.23}_{-0.20} \times 10^{14} \rm M_\odot$. Altogether, the observations indicate that we see XLSSC 122 in a dynamic phase of cluster formation while a large reservoir of gas is already thermalized.
Submission history
From: Joshiwa van Marrewijk [view email][v1] Mon, 9 Oct 2023 19:54:02 UTC (15,775 KB)
[v2] Mon, 6 Nov 2023 13:50:22 UTC (5,423 KB)
[v3] Wed, 19 Jun 2024 13:45:16 UTC (5,513 KB)
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